In order to highlight the importance of this event and the effects it could have, as it has not actually happened yet, the team at MoneyTransfers.com have compiled a mega infographic that showcases not just the impact of the GBP, but also the potential impact Brexit could have on various UK industries. Due to the size of the graphic we’ve kindly broken it down in digestible chunks for our users.
The Timeline of Events so Far
A lot has happened since the decision to leave the EU was made by the British people, and with the current exit date set as the 31st of October 2019, there is plenty of time for more turbulence. In this timeline, we've shown the key events up to now and what the GBP price was at that point.
The Trend
How has the pound reacted? In our next section, we’ve outlined the effect on the GBP vs. USD, and the GBP vs. EUR, both key currency pairs to consider when sending money internationally.
Currency rates fluctuate daily but with the huge news of Brexit, the GBP rate has had a volatile time of it, from the announcement of the referendum to the result and to where we are now!
In our next section, we've plotted how the pound has reacted to the key events during the Brexit process, against both the US Dollar and Euro.
Potential Industry Impact
Brexit will affect numerous industries. For the most significant and those that affect the most jobs we have analysed the potential effects should the UK crash out of the EU with a ‘No-Deal’ scenario.
Automotive Industry Impact
The UK automotive industry is already experiencing some of the effects of the looming threat of Brexit. Companies are hesitant to invest and some have already confirmed closures, Ford have announced their Bridgend factory will close in 2020, whilst Jaguar Landrover have also signalled closures affecting up to 5000 jobs. The potential impact of Brexit on the Automotive Industry is:
Financial Industry Impact
The rate of GBP is closely tied to major economic factors that govern the UK, inflation, GDP and interest rates are all tied to the rate of the British Pound. Significant changes in policy will directly affect the amount of spare cash you and I will have on a monthly basis, below we have highlighted the potential impact Brexit could have on the Financial Industry:
Tourism Industry Impact
The tourism industry will also be massively affected by the decision to leave the EU. A huge factor has been the depreciation of the GBP, meaning that costs for those travelling abroad for holidays will certainly increase. Airlines have also confirmed that airfares will likely increase due to increased tariffs. The potential impact of Brexit on the Tourism industry is outlined below:
Real Estate Industry Impact
The Real Estate Industry again is already feeling the effects of Brexit before the UK has even left. House prices in London reduced for the first time since the Financial crash in 2008 and with demand for retail property falling as investment has stalled, fears continue to grow for this industry. The potential impact of Brexit on the Real Estate Industry is outlined below:
Importers / Exporters Industry Impact
The Import and Export Industry is thought to be one of the most affected industries. The simple fact that with no deal between the UK and the EU, the UK would fall back onto provisional agreements which have some of the worst tariffs in the world. Significantly affecting the prices paid to import and export goods and services. Below we have outlined the major potential impacts that Brexit could have on the Imports/ Exports Industry:
E-commerce Industry Impact
The online industry prides itself on its ability to work easily across borders but with the impending departure from the EU, UK online businesses could stumble into significant challenges that would affect their key revenue drivers. The potential impact of Brexit on the online and Ecommerce Industry is outlined below:
List of All Brexit Events
For ease, we have plotted the key events that have affected the Brexit process from, former prime minister, David Cameron's announcement to the current day. Each date has been aligned with the GBP rate against both the USD and the EUR, so you can see the fluctuations over time.
| Date | Event | USD/GBP | EUR/GBP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17/12/2015 | The European Union Referendum Act receives Royal Assent. This declares a start of UK's future of the EU. | 1.57 | 1.38 |
| 22/02/2016 | Prime Minister David Cameron announces the EU referendum date to be 23 June 2016. | 1.43 | 1.28 |
| 23/06/2016 | The UK/ EU Membership Referendum is held, with the majority of voters choosing to leave the European Union. | 1.46 | 1.28 |
| 24/06/2016 | Prime Minister David Cameron announces his resignation, along with other senior political figures. | 1.48 | 1.31 |
| 13/07/2016 | Theresa May becomes the new UK Prime Minister. | 1.31 | 1.18 |
| 01/11/2016 | Donald Trump wins US President elections promising to form a new relationship with the UK. | 1.22 | |
| 29/03/2017 | Theresa May triggers Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. | 1.24 | 1.16 |
| 08/06/2017 | Theresa May's calls a snap general mandate to increase her parliamentery majority, losing more seats than she wins. | 1.27 | 1.14 |
| 16/11/2018 | Dominic Raab (Brexit Secretary) resigns and is replaced by Stephen Barclay. | 1.28 | |
| 11/12/2018 | Theresa May wins a vote of confidence in her leadership of the Conservative Party. | 1.26 | 1.11 |
| 15/01/2019 | After five day of Brexit debates, Theresa May loses the ‘Meaningful Vote’ giving her three days to present 'Plan B' Brexit plan. | 1.29 | 1.13 |
| 21/01/2019 | Theresa May presents the governments ‘Plan B’ Brexit deal. | 1.29 | 1.13 |
| 14/02/2019 | The government’s Brexit plan suffers a defeat in the House of Commons. | 1.28 | 1.13 |
| 12/03/2019 | Theresa May loses the ‘Meaningful Vote 2’ and confirms she will open the debate on whether to take ‘no-deal’ off the negotiating table. | 1.33 | 1.16 |
| 13/03/2019 | MPs vote to rule out a ‘no-deal Brexit’. | 1.31 | 1.18 |
| 27/03/2019 | MP's discuss whether the UK will retain all the capabilities of a global power post-Brexit. As a result, the government loses 'Meaningful Vote 3'. | 1.32 | 1.17 |
| 10/04/2019 | The UK and EU27 agree to extend Article 50 until 31 October 2019. | 1.32 | 1.16 |
| 24/05/2019 | Theresa May announced she was stepping down as prime minister. | 1.27 | 1.14 |
| 07/06/2019 | After a final defeat in parliament Theresa May resigns to give way for a new leader to deliver Brexit | ? | ? |
| 31/10/2019 | ‘Brexit Day’? This is the date by which the UK must leave the European Union (but a further delay cannot be ruled out). |
The current date that the UK is set to officially leave the EU is the 31st of October but there is still a lot of work to do before then.
As, former prime minister, Theresa May has resigned, the Conservative party need to elect a new leader and in turn a prime minister. The new leader will then be tasked with getting a better deal from the EU than Theresa May could manage. Getting any deal through parliament may be their toughest task, as proved by Theresa May, who found it to be a huge problem and ultimately the cause of her downfall.
Another hurdle that could potentially rear its ugly head is a general election. The new leader won't have been elected as prime minister by the country, only by the Conservative party. This will undoubtedly see calls for a general election to give the country the opportunity to vote for a new prime minister.
The Conservative party do not need to do this but with enough pressure, their hand may be forced.
Future of Brexit and the pound
As Brexit is still as uncertain as ever, the pound will continue to be a volatile currency and move on any significant news coming from the Brexit process. We look at what events could affect the price of the GBP moving forward:
New Prime Minister. The conservative party will need to elect a new leader and in turn a prime minister. The new leaders view of Brexit could see the pound either appreciate or depreciate, so the person elected is very important. A 'No-Deal' Brexit is thought to be bad for the pound and so should the new leader be happy to push for a 'No-Deal' Brexit then we are sure to see the pound sink further.
General Election. Should the conservative party decide to call a snap election, the uncertainty of the result will see volatility in the pound and likely a depreciation.
Second referendum. Whilst many "leavers" are dead set against a second referendum, it could be the only thing that will offer some direction if a deal is still not made with the EU.
Deal. If the new leader can negotiate a deal with the EU, then we will see the pound fluctuating, with the expectation that it will appreciate in price against other currencies.
Bank of England (BOE). The BOE is not tied to any government and is tasked with governing the flow of money within the UK. Should they feel it appropriate they will use tools in their armoury to stabilise the GBP price, although any decision the BOE do make will set a president for the GBP's direction.
Conclusion
As we have mentioned, there is still a long way to go in the Brexit process and even if the UK leaves on the 31st of October it is still unclear how it will fair on its own. Industries will be forced to adapt to new regulations, tariffs and other effects that Brexit will undoubtedly throw at them. The British Pound will continue to fluctuate until there is some more clarity about the UK’s position with the EU and generally in the world.
Clarity is what businesses and currencies can prosper from, uncertainty will continue to have people speculating, which is why we see volatility in the financial markets and why businesses take safety precautions to look after themselves, which normally involves cutting costs and reducing in size.
Full Infographic
